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Introduction Disease prevention is a cornerstone of public health, aiming to reduce the incidence and impact of diseases across populations. While preventive measures benefit all, certain groups—referred to as vulnerable
Introduction The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), also known as the Stages of Change Model, was developed by James O. Prochaska and Carlo C. DiClemente in 1982. Unlike models that assume behavior
Introduction The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological framework that was initially developed in the 1950s by social psychologists at the U.S. Public Health Service, notably Irwin M. Rosenstock