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Introduction of Item Analysis Item analysis is the statistical process used in test development to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of individual items (questions) within a test. Item Difficulty indicated
Introduction of Norms in Psychological Testing The norms are thus empirically established by determining what a representative group of persons actually do on the test. Any individual’s raw score is
Introduction to Torrance’s Theory of Creative Thinking Torrance’s Theory of Creative Thinking is one of the most influential theory of creativity. Ellis Paul Torrance, celebrated as the “Father of Modern
Introduction of Guilford’s Theory of Creativity J.P. Guilford defined creativity as the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and useful, emphasizing divergent thinking as central to the creative process.
Introduction to Getzels and Jackson’s Theory of Creative Thinking In their pioneering 1962 book Creativity and Intelligence, Jacob W. Getzels and Philip W. Jackson explored the relationship between creativity and
Introduction to Wallach and Kogan’s Theory of Creativity Wallach and Kogan’s exploration of creativity represents a foundational theory in the study of creative thinking. Their work primarily focused on divergent
Introduction to the Reasonings Reasonings, the cognitive process of drawing conclusions or making inferences, lies at the heart of human cognition. It serves as a vital tool for decision-making, problem-solving,
Introduction The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital learning into cognitive psychology has become increasingly prominent in both research and practice. Cognitive psychology, a field dedicated to understanding mental
Introduction Selective attention refers to the cognitive process of focusing on a particular task or event while simultaneously ignoring or processing less information from competing stimuli. This mechanism allows us
Introduction Sensation and psychophysics are core areas of study in psychology, particularly within the field of sensory processing. Sensation refers to the activation of sensory organs by stimuli, and psychophysics
Introduction Extrasensory Perception (ESP) refers to the ability to acquire information without relying on the known five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell). It encompasses various phenomena such as
Introduction Subliminal perception has captivated both scientific minds and the general public. They occupy the fringes of psychological research, challenging our understanding of human perception and cognition. Subliminal perception deals